Mango trees (Mangifera indica) reach 35-40 m in height, with a crown radius of 10 m. The leaves are evergreen, alternate, simple, 15-35 cm long and 6-16 cm broad; when the leaves are young they are orange-pink, rapidly changing to a dark glossy red, then dark green as they mature. The flowers are produced in terminal panicles 10-40 cm long; each flower is small and white with five petals 5-10 mm long, with a mild sweet odor suggestive of lily of the valley. After the flowers finish, the fruit takes from three to six months to ripen.

The ripe fruit is variable in size (right image) and color, such as yellow, orange, red or purple. Often red on the side facing the sun and yellow where shaded, a mango that is green usually indicates unripe fruit, but this depends on the cultivar. When ripe, the unpeeled fruit gives off a distinctive resinous sweet smell. In its center is a single flat oblong seed that can be fibrous or hairy on the surface, depending on cultivar. Inside the seed coat 1-2 mm thick is a thin lining covering a single embryo, 4-7 cm long, 3-4 cm wide, 1 cm thick.

The Lychee (Litchi chinensis), also spelled Litchi (the U.S. FDA spelling) or Laichi and Lichu, Chinese: 荔枝, Hanyu Pinyin: Lìzhī, is the sole member of the genus Litchi in the soapberry family Sapindaceae. It is a tropical fruit tree native to southern China. It is also commonly found in India (Muzaffarpur), Bangladesh, southern Taiwan, northern Vietnam, Indonesia, Thailand and and the Philippines.

It is a medium-sized evergreen tree, reaching 15–20 m tall, with alternate pinnate leaves, each leaf 15–25 cm long, with 2-8 lateral leaflets 5–10 cm long; the terminal leaflet is absent. The newly emerging young leaves are a bright coppery red at first, before turning green as they expand to full size. The flowers are small, greenish-white or yellowish-white, produced in panicles up to 30 cm long.

The fruit is a drupe, 3–4 cm long and 3 cm in diameter. The outside is covered by a pink-red, roughly-textured rind that is inedible but easily removed. The inside consists of a layer of sweet, translucent white flesh, rich in vitamin C, with a texture somewhat similar to that of a grape. The edible flesh consists of a highly developed aril enveloping the seed. The center contains a single glossy brown nut-like seed, 2 cm long and 1–1.5 cm in diameter. The seed, similar to a buckeye seed, is not poisonous but should not be eaten. The fruit matures from July to October, about 100 days after flowering.

Bananas, worlds most popular fruit, available year-round, are one of nature’s best sources of potassium. Bananas is a rich source of iron, high in fiber and a good source for vitamin C(Red bananas contain more vitamin C than yellow bananas .) Containing three natural sugars – sucrose, fructose and glucose, a banana gives an instant, sustained and substantial boost of energy (No wonder the banana is the number one fruit with the world’s leading athletes). Banana is good for people who have high blood pressure (it is low in salt and also extremely high in potassium (about 4673mg), yet very low in sodium (1mg), thus having a perfect ratio for preventing high blood pressure), anemia (rich source of iron), Stomach ulcer (banana has a natural antacid) and Constipation (high in fiber), Diarrhea (Bananas also contain electrolytes, which are essential for maintaining fluid levels and preventing dehydration).

Pineapple (Ananas cosmosus) is a tropical fruit which grows in countries which are situated in the tropical and sub-tropical regions. It is native to Central and South America.

Pineapple belongs to the Bromeliaceae family and grows on the ground. It can grow up to 1m in height and 1.5m wide. Other bromeliads live on trees (epiphytes). There are many cultivars of Ananas, but the predominant one is 'Smooth Cayenne' (Samson, 1986). Total pineapple production worldwide is around 16 to 18 million tons (Carvalho et al., 2008; Fernandes et al., 2008). There are several countries (e.g. Thailand, Brazil, India, Phillipines and China) which contribute to the total production.


Pineapple plant, from Google image.
Pineapple is an important food which can be eaten fresh or eaten in a processed form. It is composed of nutrients which are good for human health. This is due to researches carried out on the relationship between nutrients in pineapple and human health. Processing pineapple in industries can leave a lot of waste which can cause serious environmental problems. Researches have been carried out recently to counteract this problem.